What is Knee Replacement Surgery?

Knee replacement surgery involves the removal of damaged cartilage and bone from the knee joint and replacing it with artificial components made of metal, plastic, or ceramic. This surgery is recommended for patients experiencing chronic knee pain that interferes with daily activities and has not responded to non-surgical treatments.

Types of Knee Replacement Surgery

1. Total Knee Replacement (TKR)

Total knee replacement is the most common procedure where the entire knee joint is replaced with a prosthetic implant. This is suitable for patients with severe arthritis affecting the whole knee.

2. Partial Knee Replacement (PKR)

Partial knee replacement is performed when only one part of the knee is damaged. This procedure preserves more natural bone and tissue, leading to quicker recovery.

3. Bilateral Knee Replacement

In cases where both knees are severely affected, bilateral knee replacement surgery is performed either simultaneously or in stages.

4. Minimally Invasive Knee Replacement

This advanced technique uses smaller incisions, leading to reduced pain, minimal scarring, and a shorter hospital stay

When is Knee Replacement Surgery Recommended?

A knee replacement may be necessary if you experience:

Chronic knee pain that limits daily activities

Severe osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis

Knee deformities such as bowing in or out

Stiffness and swelling that does not improve with medications

Failure of previous knee treatments, including physical therapy and injections

Preparing for Knee Replacement Surgery

1. Medical Evaluation and Tests

Before surgery, your doctor will conduct a thorough medical assessment, including blood tests, imaging scans (X-rays, MRI), and heart function tests.

2. Lifestyle Adjustments

Stop smoking and alcohol consumption to promote healing

Engage in pre-surgery exercises to strengthen muscles.

Plan for post-surgery support, such as a caregiver or mobility aids.

3. Medications and Supplements

Inform your doctor about all medications and supplements you are taking, as some may need to be discontinued before surgery.

The Knee Replacement Procedure

1. Anesthesia

The procedure is performed under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia with sedation

2. Incision and Removal of Damaged Tissue

The surgeon makes an incision in the knee to access the joint, removes damaged cartilage and bone, and reshapes the bone surfaces.

3. Implant Placement

Artificial knee components made of metal or plastic are placed and secured using surgical cement or press-fit techniques.

4. Closing the Incision

The incision is closed using sutures or staples, and the knee is bandaged to prevent infection.

Recovery After Knee Replacement Surgery

1. Hospital Stay and Immediate Post-Op Care

Most patients stay in the hospital for 2-4 days. Pain management, blood clot prevention, and mobility exercises start immediately.

2. Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation begins within 24 hours of surgery. A physiotherapist will guide you through gentle exercises to restore knee function.

3. Home Care and Long-Term Recovery

Follow a balanced diet to promote healing.

Use a walker or crutches initially for support.

Avoid high-impact activities and follow-up regularly with your doctor

Benefits of Knee Replacement Surgery

Pain Relief: Significant reduction in chronic knee pain

Improved Mobility: Restores the ability to walk, climb stairs, and perform daily activities.

Enhanced Quality of Life: Increases independence and overall well-being

Durable Results: Modern knee implants last 15-20 years with proper care.

Risks and Complications of Knee Replacement Surgery

While knee replacement is generally safe, some risks include:

Infection at the surgical site

Blood clots in the leg veins

Implant wear or loosening over time

Nerve or blood vessel damage

Stiffness or reduced range of motion

How to Ensure a Successful Knee Replacement Recovery

1. Follow Post-Surgical Instructions

Take prescribed medications as directed

Attend all follow-up appointments.

2. Engage in Regular Physiotherapys

Perform recommended exercises to regain strengthd

Avoid activities that put excessive strain on the knee.

3. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle

Maintain an ideal weight to reduce stress on the knee joint.

Stay active with low-impact exercises like swimming and cycling.

Knee Replacement Surgery